Artificial Intelligence- Basics of Computers for Bank Exams

Artificial Intelligence:

Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.

Artificial Intelligence or popularly called AI is the study of intelligent machines which can perceive their environment to maximize their chances of success. It comprises of a huge variety of sub-fields, ranging from general perception areas like perception, logical reasoning, game playing to specialized areas like medical diagnosis, fraud detection, military applications, etc.,

It can be broadly being said to comprise of two Enterprises:

• Science of human intelligence

• Engineering discipline concerned with building smarter physical systems.

Components of an Artificial Intelligence System:

1. Knowledge base:This is the database which works in conjunction with the AI system. An AI system must be learning in nature and so be able to update its knowledge base accordingly. The knowledge base  consists of facts and rules and has the following characteristics:

• It is voluminous in nature and so needs structuring
• It may be incomplete and imprecise
• It may be dynamic as it may change dynamically

2. Control Strategy: This mechanism determines which rule is to be applied on the particular situation. To know a rule generally some heuristic or thumb rule is employed.
3. Inference Mechanism: It requires to be able to search through the knowledge base and derive    new knowledge with the help of inference rules.

The commonly used techniques for AI include fuzzy logic, neural network, genetic algorithm, statistics, probability theory,  etc

The sub-areas of artificial intelligence include:

• Natural language Processing (NLP)
• Speech Recognition
• Robotics
• Neural Networks
• Planning and Scheduling

Goals of AI:

1)To Create Expert Systems :The systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate, explain, and advice its users.

2)To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines :Creating systems that understand, think, learn, and behave like humans.

Application of  AI:

• Gaming− AI plays crucial role in strategic games such as chess, poker, tic-tac-toe, etc., where machine can think of large number of possible positions based on heuristic knowledge.
• Natural Language Processing− It is possible to interact with the computer that understands natural language spoken by humans.
• Expert Systems− There are some applications which integrate machine, software, and special information to impart reasoning and advising. They provide explanation and advice to the users.
• Vision Systems− These systems understand, interpret, and comprehend visual input on the computer. For example,
  • A spying aeroplane takes photographs, which are used to figure out spatial information or map of the areas.
  • Doctors use clinical expert system to diagnose the patient.
  • Police use computer software that can recognize the face of criminal with the stored portrait made by forensic artist.
• Speech Recognition− Some intelligent systems are capable of hearing and comprehending the language in terms of sentences and their meanings while a human talks to it. It can handle different accents, slang words, noise in the background, change in human’s noise due to cold, etc.
• Handwriting Recognition− The handwriting recognition software reads the text written on paper by a pen or on screen by a stylus. It can recognize the shapes of the letters and convert it into editable text.
• Intelligent Robots− Robots are able to perform the tasks given by a human. They have sensors to detect physical data from the real world such as light, heat, temperature, movement, sound, bump, and pressure. They have efficient processors, multiple sensors and huge memory, to exhibit intelligence. In addition, they are capable of learning from their mistakes and they can adapt to the new environment.
• Business – Financial strategies and decision making
• Engineering – Check design constraints, offer suggestion for new products
• Manufacturing – Assembly line production and maintainance
• Medicine – Disease diagnosis and prescription
• Fraud Detection

The post Artificial Intelligence- Basics of Computers for Bank Exams appeared first on Exambin | Social Competitive Learning.